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Peru’s Machu Picchu is one of the world’s most mysterious and captivating man-made marvels. Built in the 15th century, this “Lost City of the Incas” is one of Latin America’s biggest icons and greatest historical, cultural and tourist attractions. Situated nearly 8,000 feet above sea level in the bosom of the Andes Mountains, what makes this Incan city so intriguing is not only its size, beauty and surroundings, but also the mystery that shrouds its construction and purpose. Looking to learn more about this Incan and Peruvian masterpiece? Here are ten interesting facts about Machu Picchu:
When and Why Was Machu Picchu Built?
It is believed that Machu Picchu was built around 1450, during the height of the Incan Empire. Some historians suggest the structure was built as a royal Incan residence, a place where Emperor Pachacuti could relax, retreat, and entertain family members and guests. Others believe the site was used for religious purposes, as the complex is strategically positioned among several sacred mountains, with clear views of both sunrise and sunset.
How Was Machu Picchu Built?
Machu Picchu’s construction is perhaps the most remarkable feature of the complex. Historians have confirmed that no animals, iron tools, or wheels were used during its construction. There was also no mortar used to hold the stones in place. Instead, Incan builders precisely cut each stone to interlock securely with the next. Even today, visitors cannot fit a credit card between the cracks.
Is Machu Picchu Threatened by Earthquakes?
The short answer is yes. Peru is located in a seismically active region, and Machu Picchu itself is built atop two fault lines. However, thanks to its advanced engineering, the stones of the complex are designed to move during earthquakes and settle back into place afterwards, helping the structures remain standing.
How Stable are Machu Picchu’s Foundations?
Another impressive fact about Machu Picchu’s design is that an estimated 60 per cent of the construction lies underground. From deep stone foundations to an advanced crushed-rock drainage system, the site was built to withstand heavy rainfall and geological movement, contributing to its long-term stability.
Who Discovered Machu Picchu?
In 1911, American explorer and Yale University professor Hiram Bingham III brought international attention to the ruins of Machu Picchu, which were largely overgrown at the time, although local communities were already aware of the site.
How Was Machu Picchu Discovered?
Hiram Bingham was originally searching for another lost Incan city known as Vilcabamba when he came across Machu Picchu. At the time, he claimed the site was Vilcabamba and the final stronghold of the Incas, though these claims were later disproved by historians.
The Controversy
Following his discovery, Hiram Bingham removed thousands of artefacts from Machu Picchu and transported them to Yale University for study. After long negotiations, the majority of these artefacts were returned to Peru beginning in 2012, with some remaining on long-term loan or display agreements.
Machu Picchu’s Layout
Machu Picchu was designed to separate royal residents from workers. The complex is divided into distinct zones, including urban, agricultural, religious, and residential areas. Its extensive terraced farmland was capable of producing several times more food than required by its inhabitants.
Accessing Machu Picchu
There are no motor able roads leading to Machu Picchu; visitors have the option of trekking it (preferably under the guidance of an experienced Machu Picchu tour guide) or reaching the complex by rail.
What Modern Problems Does Machu Picchu Face?
Despite its incredible construction and earthquake-proof foundations, modern tourism poses the biggest threat to the complex. To best preserve the area, the Peruvian government permits only 2,500 visitors per day to Machu Picchu. A no-fly zone situated above and around the perimeter, and a cap on the number of daily visitors are measures to preserve the longevity of this awe inspiring Incan experience that still holds onto its ancient charm and mysticism