Mount Kilimanjaro, standing at 5,895 meters (19,341 feet), is high enough to present a significant risk of altitude sickness for climbers. Altitude sickness can begin at elevations as low as 2,500 meters (8,200 feet) and becomes more common above 3,000 meters (9,800 feet), with risks increasing as you gain altitude. Here’s a breakdown of altitude sickness on Kilimanjaro, along with prevention tips:
Types of Altitude Sickness
Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS): Common symptoms include headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and difficulty sleeping. These can appear within 6-24 hours after reaching high altitudes.
High-altitude pulmonary Edema (HAPE): A more severe condition where fluid builds up in the lungs, causing shortness of breath even at rest, extreme fatigue, and chest tightness. It can be life-threatening if untreated.
High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE): The most serious altitude sickness, where fluid builds up in the brain, leading to confusion, coordination issues, and even loss of consciousness. Immediate descent and medical help are essential.
Prevention Tips
Choose a Longer Route: Kilimanjaro has several routes, and those that take 7-9 days allow for better acclimatization than shorter routes. The body needs time to adjust to lower oxygen levels, so avoid rapid ascents.
Climb High, Sleep Low: This practice helps the body acclimate more effectively. Routes like the Lemosho and Machame have good "climb high, sleep low" options.
Hydrate Well: Dehydration can worsen altitude sickness. Aim to drink at least 3-4 liters of water a day, which can reduce headaches and help with overall acclimatization.
Pace Yourself: Going slowly allows your body to gradually adapt to the reduced oxygen levels. Kilimanjaro guides use the phrase “pole, pole” (Swahili for “slowly, slowly”) to remind climbers to take it easy.
Consider Altitude Medications: Some people use Acetazolamide (Diamox), which can help prevent AMS by balancing body pH and increasing breathing. Always consult a doctor before starting any medication.
Know the Symptoms and Act Early: If you start feeling symptoms of altitude sickness, inform your guide, take a break, hydrate, and consider descending if symptoms persist or worsen.