| 9 mins read
"Historical sites are a better textbook to the gateways of the past!"
Journeying through time by wandering the streets of historical cities is a transformative experience. These cities serve as more than just tourist destinations; they are portals to the past, offering insights into the civilisations, events, and individuals that have shaped the course of history. Especially for avid history enthusiasts, the allure lies in tracing the footsteps of ancestors and reliving moments that textbooks can't fully capture.
With this blog, journey through the world's major cities steeped in history and unearth the past's hidden treasures. From learning about the gladiatorial tales in Rome and the mysteries behind the pyramids in Giza to experiencing profound spiritual awakenings at the ghats of Varanasi, we have got the best covered!
Rome, Italy
With a history that spans over two and a half millennia, Rome's past revolves around fascinating legends and monumental events that have left an indelible mark on the world. The city's origin is shrouded in myth, with the legendary tale of Romulus and Remus, twin brothers raised by a she-wolf, laying its foundation in 753 BC. From its humble beginnings as a settlement on the banks of the Tiber River, Rome's trajectory led it to become the mighty capital of the Roman Empire (a dominion that stretched across three continents). It was in Rome's heart that Julius Caesar was assassinated, and the city bore witness to the Colosseum's gladiatorial contests. Moreover, Rome's recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site underscores its historical significance.
What to explore? While in Rome, check out the Colosseum (an iconic amphitheatre that witnessed exhilarating battles between gladiators and ferocious animals), the Roman Forum (once the political, social, and commercial epicentre), the Vatican City (the center of Christianity), an independent enclave within Rome, and the catacombs of Rome, which offer a fascinating glimpse into the ancient Christian history buried beneath the city. At the Vatican, visit St. Peter's Basilica, which holds the title of the world's largest church and the Sistine Chapel, adorned with Michelangelo's awe-inspiring frescoes, transports visitors to a realm of divine artistry. For an immersive experience, consider hiring a local guide to walk along the Appian Way, an ancient Roman road lined with historic tombs and ruins, including the Tomb of Cecilia Metella. These sites, along with the awe-inspiring Pantheon and the historically rich Capitoline Hill, are just a glimpse into the treasure trove of historical marvels that Rome proudly showcases.
Cairo, Egypt
Nestled along the banks of the Nile River, Cairo emerges as a vibrant tapestry of history that beckons to those with a passion for the past. With a heritage stretching over 6,000 years, this ancient city is a living testament to the ebb and flow of civilisations. Cairo's history intertwines with the tale of Egypt itself, a civilisation that flourished along the fertile banks of the Nile. It was in this city that the mighty pharaohs held court. Moreover, Cairo's legacy is deeply intertwined with the nearby historical Giza Pyramids, towering structures that defy time and logic, and the Sphinx, a mysterious guardian of ancient secrets.
What to explore? Being one of the Ancient Wonders of the World, the Giza Pyramids, including the Great Pyramid, stand as a testament to ancient Egyptian engineering and serve as a window into the spiritual beliefs of the past; and the nearby Sphinx, with its lion's body and human head, adds a perfect mysterious touch that thrills a history seeker! Apart from the famous attraction in the Giza Governate, the must-visits in the city of Cairo are the Egyptian Museum, which also houses the treasures of the pharaoh Tutankhamun, the Red Pyramid in Dashur, the ancient city of Memphis and the Step Pyramid in the necropolis of Saqqara. Amidst the bustling streets of Old Cairo lies the Islamic Cairo district, where medieval mosques like the Sultan Hassan Mosque and the Al-Azhar Mosque offer glimpses into the architectural prowess of the Islamic era. Notably, Historic Cairo, including the Islamic, Coptic, and Jewish quarters, has been recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its outstanding cultural value. And if there is an experience without which any trip to Egypt is incomplete, it is- exploring the historic Khan El-Khalili market, a labyrinth of stalls where traders have bartered since the 14th century.
Pro-tip: Consider booking a fascinating guided day trip from Cairo to Alexandria to delve into the rich history, from the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa to the remnants of the famed Library of Alexandria. Montaza Palace's beautiful gardens and the bonus Mediterranean views make for a beautiful day in this coastal city.
Varanasi, India
Recognised as an "Indian Heritage City" by UNESCO, Varanasi emerges as a timeless sanctuary for those with an insatiable appetite for history. With a history of more than 3,000 years, this ancient city holds a profound place in the heart of India and the annals of human civilisation. According to Hindu mythology, Lord Shiva established Varanasi, making it one of the world's oldest continually inhabited cities. As the spiritual epicentre of India, Varanasi has witnessed countless rituals, ceremonies, and cultural traditions, infusing its every corner with the echoes of millennia-old stories.
What to explore? The ghats of Varanasi stand as a vibrant tableau of life and spirituality, a perfect spot to see rituals and ceremonies that have been performed for centuries. Amongst the many, the two famous ones are Dashashwamedh Ghat, one of the oldest and most sacred ghats, which is renowned for its evening Ganga Aarti and Manikarnika Ghat, a cremation ground along the Ganges where the cycle of life and death and spiritual liberation unfolds before your eyes. If you want to delve deeper into the faith and culture, explore the Kashi Vishwanath Temple (dedicated to Lord Shiva), the narrow alleys and bustling bazaars leading to hidden gems such as the Alamgir Mosque (a fusion of Hindu and Islamic architectural styles), the Bharat Kala Bhavan Museum, the Ramnagar Fort (a riverside fortress, provides a glimpse into the opulent lifestyle of the Kashi Naresh, the traditional rulers of Varanasi) and experience the traditional craft of silk weaving, which is deeply woven into Varanasi's history.
Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
Another UNESCO World Heritage Site, dating back to the 4th century BCE, the ancient city of Anuradhapura offers a captivating narrative of dynasties, spirituality, and architectural marvels that continue to awe and inspire history enthusiasts from around the world. Legend has it that Anuradhapura was founded by King Pandukabhaya, a ruler of ancient Lanka, whose vision laid the foundation for a city that would flourish for centuries. It holds the distinction of being the first capital of Sri Lanka.
What to explore? You can visit the Ruwanwelisaya Stupa (a colossal structure that stands as a symbol of architectural prowess), the Thuparama Dagoba (enshrining relics of Lord Buddha), revered as the oldest stupa in Sri Lanka and holds a special place in Buddhist history, and the Jetavanaramaya Stupa, once one of the tallest monuments in the ancient world. The Abhayagiri Monastery complex, with its monastic ruins and towering dagobas, paints a vivid picture of monastic life during Anuradhapura's heyday. Hiring a local guide is highly recommended to truly delve into the rich history of these sites, as they can provide invaluable insights, stories, and historical context that will enhance your exploration.
Another must-see is the sacred Sri Maha Bodhi tree, believed to be a sapling from the original tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment, which stands as a living testament to the city's spiritual roots. These historical treasures, along with the Isurumuniya Rock Temple and the Samadhi Buddha Statue, offer history enthusiasts a glimpse into the art, culture, and religious devotion that flourished in Anuradhapura.
Jerusalem, Israel
For those searching for a destination that resonates with spiritual significance and historical depth, Jerusalem stands as a captivating option, unlike any other city. This ancient city is revered by three major Abrahamic religions- Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Christianity, it is revered as the birthplace of Jesus Christ, with the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, a city near Jerusalem, marking the very spot. The Via Dolorosa, a winding path within the Old City, traces the agonising journey of Christ to his crucifixion, drawing countless pilgrims who seek to relive that sombre procession. This same city is revered in Islam, as the Al-Aqsa Mosque, believed to be where the Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven, stands as a testament to the faith's reverence for Jerusalem. Additionally, Judaism holds the Western Wall, a remnant of the Second Temple, as a poignant symbol of their history and spiritual connection to the city.
What to explore? What makes Jerusalem all the more beautiful is that the city is divided into four quarters- Armenian, Christian, Jewish and Muslim. The Armenian Quarter is where the St. James Cathedral and age-old traditions beckon. You can explore artisan shops and relish Armenian cuisine, immersing yourself in a vibrant community deeply rooted in its heritage. Check out the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and Via Dolorosa in the Christian Quarter, which will lead you through profound religious history and art. In the Jewish Quarter, pay a respectful visit to the Western Wall and navigate the street of Cardo with a local guide who can share tales from the past. Do not miss the iconic Dome of the Rock (that stands as both an architectural marvel and a religious symbol), the Citadel of David in the Muslim Quarter and the ancient Mount of Olives cemetery in the Old City.
"Exploring cities steeped in history is like unravelling the pages of a captivating novel, each cobblestone and ancient monument revealing a chapter of human heritage. It's a reminder that our past is the foundation of our present, connecting us to the rich tapestry of cultures and igniting our curiosity about the world's enduring stories."