General Information About Azerbaijan
Capital: Baku
Population: 10.1 million (2019)
National Language: Azerbaijani
Religion: Islam – 96.9% (Shi’a 85%, Sunni 15%), Christian – 3%, other - 0.1%
Electricity: 220V AC, 50 Hz; type C and F round two-pin plugs are standard
Time zone: GMT+4
International dialing code: +994
Azerbaijan currency: Azerbaijani Manat
When Should I Go to Azerbaijan?
Thanks to Azerbaijan’s location between the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian Sea, this tiny country boasts a diverse range of climate zones.
To experience Azerbaijan at its finest, consider visiting in spring (April-June) or autumn (September-October). Spring brings vibrant wildflowers and lush green landscapes, while autumn offers mild weather and beautiful fall foliage. These periods also avoid the peak tourist season of July and August.
June to September is ideal for exploring the cool Caucasus Mountains or enjoying the Caspian Sea coast, offering the driest and sunniest weather. Baku and the central region are hot and humid during this time, though occasional windy days can bring cooler temperatures.
Late October and November tend to be more unpredictable with increased precipitation. November can range from pleasant autumn temperatures to snowfall, depending on the year.
Winter is perfect for skiing enthusiasts, but expect cold weather and regular rain or snow. The Caspian Sea coast is an exception, with a more temperate climate. Unless you are comfortable with winter conditions, plan your visit from the end of March to October.
A unique experience in December is the traditional equestrian sports competitions held annually in Sheki.
In summer, consider attending The Gabala Music Festival, a 10-day classical music event held in Gabala at the end of July or beginning of August.
Navruz (Persian New Year), celebrated on March 21st, is Azerbaijan's most significant holiday, with preparations beginning weeks in advance. Tourists visiting during this time will enjoy a vibrant festival filled with color, life, and tradition, marking the arrival of spring.
What is the Best Time to Visit Baku?
Baku, often called ‘The Windy City’ due to its frequent and unexpected winds, experiences high humidity. The best times to visit the capital and its surrounding cultural sites are spring or autumn.
March and April are the windiest months but offer warming weather and a city in bloom, with fewer crowds. May to July are hot and humid with no rainy days, marking the peak tourist season when parks, the city center, and markets are lively with fruits and vegetables.
September is excellent for tours as the heat subsides and summer tourists depart.
The New Year holiday is a grand celebration in Baku, featuring fireworks, a large New Year tree, Santa Claus, and various citywide activities, creating a festive atmosphere.
Which Countries Do Not Need a Visa for Azerbaijan?
Citizens of the following 9 countries can stay in Azerbaijan visa-free for up to 90 days:
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Citizens of countries not listed above may obtain a 30-day, single-entry visa online (81 countries), upon arrival at Azerbaijan international airports (13 countries), or from an Azerbaijan embassy. Regulations vary based on your passport country.
For detailed information on Azerbaijan tourist visas, registration regulations, and the specific rules for your passport country, please refer to the Azerbaijan Visa Requirements page.
What Airlines Fly into Azerbaijan?
Azerbaijan Airlines, Emirates Airlines, and Turkish Airlines are the primary carriers serving Baku’s Heydar Aliyev International Airport. However, numerous other airlines also operate flights to the capital, including:
Aeroflot
Air Astana
Air Baltic
Air France
Belavia
Etihad Airways
FlyDubai
Gulf Air
Iran Air
Israir
Lufthansa
Qatar Airways
SCAT Airlines
S7 Airlines
Ukraine Airlines
Ural Airlines
UTair Aviation
Uzbekistan Airways
Regular flights connect Baku with major cities such as Frankfurt, Paris, London, Kiev, Istanbul, Ankara, Dubai, Tehran, Tel Aviv, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tbilisi, Tashkent, Almaty, and Ashgabat, as well as various smaller cities.
For specific routes, flight times, and ticket purchases, please visit the airline websites or contact travel agents.
Can You Travel to Azerbaijan by Land?
Azerbaijan shares borders with Iran, Russia, Armenia, and Georgia. The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic also borders Turkey. While the border with Armenia is closed, entry into Azerbaijan is possible from the other neighboring countries.
There are three border crossings with Iran and Georgia, two with Russia, and one with Turkey (via Nakhchivan). The borders with Russia and Turkey are open 24 hours, as are most crossings with Iran and Georgia, with the exceptions of the Astara crossing with Iran and the Sadikhli/Vakhtangisi crossing with Georgia, which have limited operating hours (9:00-17:00 and daylight hours, respectively).
To travel to or from Armenia, you must transit through Georgia.
A daily night train operates between Baku and Tbilisi, taking approximately 12 hours. Sleeper car tickets range from 25-35 USD. Departure and arrival times are approximate.
Ferries to Baku are available from Aktau, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenbashi, Turkmenistan, though the schedule is irregular, typically departing every 1-2 days. The journey can take between 24 hours and a couple of days, depending on weather, cargo, and port availability. Ferry tickets cost approximately $80 to $160, depending on the route, ship, and ticket type. Bikes and vehicles can be accommodated on all ships.
Is Azerbaijan Safe for Tourists?
Azerbaijanis are known for their hospitality and patience, and tourists are rarely victims of crime. Many visitors are impressed by the kindness of the local people.
However, traffic laws are not always strictly followed. Exercise caution when crossing streets and be assertive about safe driving practices with taxi drivers. When possible, avoid traveling outside of cities at night due to potentially poorly maintained roads.
If a police officer asks for a fine, do not pay unless there is a legitimate reason. Some tourists have been targeted by individuals impersonating officers, and some officers may unlawfully solicit bribes.
Avoid discussing the Nagorno-Karabakh disputed territory with Azerbaijanis or speaking negatively about their leaders or politics. This is more about respecting cultural sensitivities than safety.
Unlike in Armenia and Georgia, it is advisable not to drink tap water. Bottled water is readily available, or you can bring a water bottle with a built-in filter.
Is Baku Safe?
Baku, the vibrant capital, remains lively even at night, with families often strolling the streets after dark in good weather. The significant police presence acts as a strong deterrent to crime.
Pickpocketing can occur, particularly in Baku. Minimize this risk by keeping valuables secure, being discreet with cash in public, and not keeping all money and cards in one place.
Scams involving overpriced souvenirs, meals, and taxi rides are not uncommon. Always double-check prices before purchasing or ordering, and try to get an idea of taxi fares beforehand. Using ride-hailing apps like Uber can be a safer option.
While there are no restrictions on women going to bars or being out late, it is not a common practice for most Azerbaijani women and may lead to misunderstandings or unwanted attention.
Is Azerbaijan Solo Travel Safe?
Solo travelers in Azerbaijan can generally feel safe, as most Azerbaijanis are welcoming and friendly towards visitors. Local men often offer their seats to women on public transport, and those who speak English are usually eager to assist in any way they can.
However, solo travel does present challenges due to the higher prevalence of scams, language barriers, and difficulties in traveling outside of Baku.
Take standard safety precautions and avoid walking alone at night, especially in areas with many bars or poor lighting.
As in many countries in the region, communication can be the most significant issue, as most people outside of cities primarily speak Azeri. Transportation outside of Baku can also be challenging due to ongoing improvements to roads and public transport.
Thoroughly researching routes and itineraries in advance can help ensure smoother travels. Solo travelers looking to connect with others might consider joining day tours, staying in hostels with a communal atmosphere, and traveling during the high seasons.
Do They Speak English in Azerbaijan?
Azerbaijani, also known as Azeri, is the official language, spoken by over 80% of the population in Azerbaijan and more than 30 million people worldwide.
It is a Turkic language closely related to Turkish, Crimean Tatar, and Turkmen, with influences from Russian and Arabic. There are two main dialects: North Azerbaijani, spoken in Azerbaijan and Central Asia, and South Azerbaijani, spoken by Azeris in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey.
The Latin script is the official writing system in Azerbaijan, but Cyrillic is still widely used due to historical ties with Russia.
Russian is the second language for at least half the population. However, outside of cities, Azerbaijani is likely the only language you will hear. Other minority languages include Armenian (spoken only in Nagorno-Karabakh), Lezgian, Georgian, Talysh, and Avar. Several endangered minority languages are also spoken in isolated communities in the Caucasus Mountains.
English is increasingly becoming the primary second language, spoken by many in the tourism industry and some of the younger population in Baku. Outside the capital, finding English speakers may be difficult.
What’s the Cuisine Like in Azerbaijan?
Azerbaijanis are naturally hospitable, and their delicious local cuisine is central to many celebrations and gatherings. Popular dishes include:
Plov: Azerbaijani variations of this Central Asian rice dish are unique, featuring spices like cinnamon and saffron, along with combinations of meats, vegetables, and fruits. Shah plov, baked in a crusty bread shell, is a particularly popular variety.
Shashlik: Seasoned meat or vegetable kebabs, often served with garnish and thin lavash bread.
Kufta bozbash: A hearty national soup with seasoned meatballs, potatoes, chickpeas, and saffron.
Dushbara: Small boiled dumplings filled with meat or vegetables and served in broth.
Dolma: Spiced minced meat and rice wrapped in pepper or grape leaves.
Shekerbura: A sweet pastry filled with nuts, popular as a snack and dessert.
Vegetarians can also enjoy:
Dovga: A yogurt-based soup with chickpeas and rice, served hot or cold.
Vegetarian Dushbara: Filled with garlic and tomato.
Qutab: Thin, fried crepes stuffed with spinach or cheese, served with yogurt sauce (meat varieties are also available).
Shirin plov: A sweet pilaf made with dried fruits instead of meat.
Various cheeses, including smoked and white cheeses, are widely available, along with ample salads and produce in most seasons.
Popular drinks include endless cups of black tea and sherbet, a cold, sweetened fruit beverage.
Can You Drink Alcohol in Azerbaijan?
Azerbaijan is a secular Islamic nation, and alcohol is widely consumed by the local population and available in most restaurants and shops. It is relatively inexpensive, sold even during Ramadan, and can legally be consumed in public. Wine, beer, and vodka are the most common local choices.
Is Azerbaijan an Islamic Country?
The vast majority of Azerbaijan’s population is Shi’a Muslim, with Sunni Muslim and Christian minorities. The government is officially secular, and many Azerbaijanis lead secular lives. Alcohol consumption is common, Islamic dress codes are rarely observed, and mosque attendance is generally limited to religious holidays.
In addition to Islamic architecture, cathedrals and monasteries can also be visited in Azerbaijan.
What Should I Wear in Azerbaijan?
There is no enforced dress code for tourists in Azerbaijan, and you can wear what you feel comfortable in. However, among the local population, men rarely wear shorts or sleeveless shirts, and women typically avoid shorts or skirts above the knee, tight-fitting or revealing clothing, and sleeveless tops. Dress tends to be more conservative outside of cities and tourist areas.
Given the significant weather variations between coastal areas, mountains, and Baku, it’s advisable to pack clothing suitable for a range of temperatures, regardless of the season. A raincoat and a warm sweater or jacket are recommended even in summer, and comfortable walking shoes are essential year-round.
Women may want to bring a headscarf for visiting religious sites or traveling in very conservative areas.
What’s the Best Currency to Take to Azerbaijan?
Azerbaijan’s official currency is the manat (AZN). Note that this is different from the Turkmenistan manat, which is not accepted in Azerbaijan. It will be difficult to obtain manat outside of Azerbaijan, so it is recommended to bring Euros, USD, pounds, or rubles to exchange upon arrival.
Money exchange offices and 24/7 banks are readily available in Baku, and there is also one at the international airport. Always confirm the exchange rate and the final amount you will receive before proceeding with the exchange.
Azerbaijan is primarily a cash-based society, although many hotels, cafes, and shops in Baku accept foreign credit cards. Outside the capital, you will need cash for most transactions, so ensure you withdraw sufficient funds in advance.
ATMs accepting most foreign credit cards are common in Azerbaijani cities and towns, including at the airport (though withdrawal fees may be higher). Check the fees of both your home bank and the ATM bank for withdrawing manat, Euros, or USD.
Does Azerbaijan Have Good Internet Access?
Wi-Fi is available in almost all hotels and hostels and in a growing number of restaurants. It can also be accessed affordably at internet cafes in every city and town. Tourists staying for a short period may rely on Wi-Fi, but purchasing a local SIM card is also an option.
The three main mobile operators in Azerbaijan are Bakcell, Azercell, and Nar Mobile, all offering widespread and fast coverage. To buy a SIM card, you will need your passport and be prepared to pay in cash. Special tourist packages start around 15 USD (expect higher prices at the airport).
Check the price of the SIM card and package before purchasing, and ideally buy it at an official store to avoid potential scams involving inflated prices.
Both Wi-Fi and mobile coverage can be poor or nonexistent in remote mountain regions.
Is Azerbaijan Expensive for Tourists?
Azerbaijan is the most expensive of the Caucasus destinations but still more affordable than many European countries, with budget-friendly options available.
Accommodation in Baku ranges from hostels to 5-star hotels, with basic options starting around 10 USD per night. Guesthouses, homestays, mid-range hotels, and apartment rentals are also available. If visiting Baku from June to August, book well in advance as good deals are quickly taken. Housing tends to be more expensive outside of Baku, with fewer options and prices starting around 15-20 USD.
Meals in Baku typically cost between 10-20 USD, while outside the capital and tourist areas, you can expect to pay 8-10 USD. Most accommodations include breakfast, and costs can be further reduced by buying food from bazaars or eating street food instead of dining in restaurants.
Entrance fees to popular attractions range from 3-12 USD. Some locations have different prices for locals and tourists, and you will generally be required to pay the tourist price unless you are a resident or receive a special courtesy from the ticket officer.
Transportation within Baku is very affordable. However, be aware that many street taxis may try to overcharge tourists. Using ride-hailing apps is recommended. Public transport between cities and regions is inexpensive but can be slow. Private taxis and cars can be arranged but are significantly more expensive.
What Souvenirs Can I Find in Azerbaijan?
Azerbaijan offers a wide variety of souvenirs, reflecting its rich history in traditional arts:
Colorful silk scarves: A modern reminder of the ancient Silk Road.
Azerbaijani carpets: Hand-woven from quality materials, with unique styles from different regions. Smaller, more affordable options are also available.
Crude oil paintings by Sabir Copuroglu: Unique artwork from a nation with a significant oil industry.
Bags, tablecloths, and clothing with the buta (tongue of fire) motif: Practical gifts with a distinct Azerbaijani design.
Local pottery: Dishes, vases, and pomegranate figurines in various colors, sizes, and styles.
Jewelry: Including intricate hatamkarlig (blending precious metals) and delicate shekebe (lacelike gold or silver).
Edible gifts: Freshly made jams, spices, nuts, teas, and sweets.
Other popular souvenirs: Traditional armudu (pear-shaped) teacups, local daggers, and backgammon sets.
If you found this Azerbaijan Travel Guide helpful, explore our travel guides for other Central Asian and Caucasus nations to learn more about the region!